in southeast asia many forests have been

Borneo orangutans have suffered as their homes are burnt. Over the years, forest fires have destroyed much of the natural habitat of Indonesia's orangutans and released large amounts of carbon ANIMAX Asia - July 2022 Program Reel 1:00 ORIENT S2 - Trailer 0:31 Animax Asia June 2022 Highlights. 1:41 ANIMAX Asia - Shadows House -2nd Season- Promo 3:22 Animax Asia-. Animax.co.jp Animax.co.jp is a TV Movies and Streaming website . Site is running on IP address 34.209.160.101, host name ec2-34-209-160-101.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com Communities in four Southeast Asian countries — Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia and the Philippines — have been leading efforts to protect and restore degraded forests and return their function of storing emissions amid the climate crisis. Kharishar Kahfi, Mai Hoang, Joe Patchett, Gaea Cabico and Siti Isnawati March 18, 2021. The rainforests of Southeast Asia and Oceania are under immense pressure. This rainforest region has lost a larger proportion of its original forest cover and has higher deforestation than any of the other main rainforest areas. At the same time, more people depend upon the tropical forest resources of Southeast Asia than any other place. The policy of core rainforest countries, Indonesia The seasonal nature and pattern of Southeast Asia's rainfall, as well as the region's physiography, have strongly affected the development of natural vegetation. The hot, humid climate and enormous variety of habitats have given rise to an abundance and diversity of vegetative forms unlike that in any other area of the world. Much of the natural vegetation has been modified by human action Frau Sucht Mann Sie Meint Es Ernst. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all other queries concerning rights and licenses, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. This is a preview. Log in through your library. Preview Journal Information The Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is one of the principal outlets for scholarly articles on Southeast Asia Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, East Timor, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Embracing a wide range of academic disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, the journal publishes manuscripts oriented toward a scholarly readership but written to be accessible to non-specialists. The extensive book review section includes works in Southeast Asian languages. Publisher Information Cambridge University Press is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the world’s leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. For more information, visit A recent report documents the seizure of 25,000 live animals and more than 120,000 metric tons of wildlife, parts and plants from the Sulu and Celebes seas between 2003 and animals trafficked include rays, sharks and turtles, mostly between Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia, for which the region forms a maritime border people of the Sulu and Celebes seas region have strong transboundary cultural and trade links, prompting experts to call for enhanced international cooperation in enforcement efforts. A new report has highlighted the maritime border zone between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines as a hotbed for the illegal wildlife trade, and called for urgent intergovernmental action to protect this biodiversity hotspot at the apex of the Coral Triangle. Wildlife trade monitoring nonprofit TRAFFIC documented and analyzed the seizure of more than 25,000 live animals and more than 120,000 metric tons of wildlife, parts and plants from the illegal trade between June 2003 and September 2021 in the Sulu-Celebes seas region. “The sheer volume of hundreds of marine and terrestrial species poached and trafficked through this lesser-known seas is a wake-up call for action before it’s too late,” report co-author Serene Chng, senior program officer of TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, said in a statement. The communities that live alongside these seas have long had strong transboundary relationships and connections due to their shared cultures and engagement in local trade, often involving illegal, unreported and untaxed goods. TRAFFIC found the illegal wildlife trade through the Sulu and Celebes seas is primarily between the three Southeast Asian countries, rather than destined for other countries — though the arrests of some Chinese and Vietnamese nationals suggests some involvement by international syndicates. The smuggling of marine turtles — nearly all of which are endangered or critically endangered — is a major issue in the Sulu-Celebes seas region, with all three countries implicated in the trade. Image courtesy of TRAFFIC. Marine wildlife targeted TRAFFIC logged 452 confiscations of live animals and wildlife parts in the region, with the Philippines accounting for 239 53%, Malaysia 125 28% and Indonesia 88 19% of the cases. The incidents involved a diverse range of terrestrial and marine wildlife, with animals accounting for 89% of cases and plants the remaining 11%. Out of 119 incidents resulting in arrests, only 26 6% of total incidents led to documented convictions. However, TRAFFIC said the data on convictions were limited by gaps in reporting and recording. “Trade and enforcement levels constantly fluctuate and so many factors influence that,” said TRAFFIC Southeast Asia director Kanitha Krishnasamy. “But what the figures show is that the pressure on species is a constant.” The report found that species including marine turtles, giant clams, seahorses, sharks and rays — some threatened with extinction and banned from trade — are specifically targeted and frequently seized in large quantities, reflecting the alarming frequency of these illicit activities. Marine turtle smuggling is a major issue in the Sulu-Celebes seas region, accounting for 28% of all seizures, with much of this illicit trade conducted through in-person transactions rather than open online platforms. Marine turtle eggs constituted 95% of the seized marine turtle items, predominantly trafficked between the southern Philippines and Sabah, Malaysia, with Malaysia responsible for nearly 80% of the seizures. The eggs, believed to originate mainly from the Philippines’ Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary, are destined for the bustling consumer market in Sabah, with the city of Sandakan identified as the main entry point for their illegal transport. A total of 409 shark and ray individuals, nearly metric tons of their meat, and almost 29,000 shark products were seized in 12 incidents, primarily in the Philippines, with one seizure reported in Malaysia. Except for two live pelagic thresher sharks Alopias pelagicus and three whale sharks Rhincodon typus — both endangered species whose trade is highly restricted — all the seized sharks and rays were dead individuals. The study also showed that land animals were not exempt from the clutches of smugglers, with frequent and significant seizures observed. For instance, parrots were often seized in Bitung on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with many originating from eastern regions of the country like Papua and Maluku. Seizure reports indicate Bitung is a potential consolidation point for selling these birds within Indonesia or to the Philippines. An endangered manta ray in Indonesian waters. TRAFFIC found that rays were the most commonly offered taxa for sale online in the region. Image by Anett Szaszi / Ocean Image Bank via The Ocean Agency. Online trade continues The illegal wildlife trade persists and thrives across online shopping platforms such as Lazada and Shopee, notably in Indonesia and Malaysia. After analyzing more than 600 posts related to sharks and rays, marine turtles and pangolins, TRAFFIC found that rays were the most commonly offered taxa for sale online in the region. A notable instance of online trade involved the sale of sharks and rays through livestreaming of Indonesian fish markets on Facebook. The videos showcased various species and their prices, with viewers engaging by commenting, asking questions, and bargaining prices. In Gorontalo, Sulawesi, an instance of stockpiling was observed, wherein online traders were found purchasing significant quantities of shark fins. Online trade of marine turtles was documented only in Indonesia, mainly in the form of carved bracelets and rings made from turtle shells. With the rise of online trade on social media and shopping platforms, TRAFFIC has called for increased attention from law enforcement agencies and tech companies. It also urged the governments of the three countries to employ existing traceability tools to combat wildlife trafficking, and to enhance regulations particularly concerning the legal trade of sharks and rays, which both play vital ecological roles within their respective food webs. Theresa Mundita Lim, executive director of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity ACB, pointed to findings of the February 2020 Red List Index for Southeast Asia, which revealed a steady increase in the rate of biodiversity loss in the region. She said the region faces a high risk of wild vertebrate extinction, especially among species targeted in the illegal trade, further exacerbated by the prevalence of online commerce. “While social media is being used in these illegal activities, it can also be the solution to such a worsening problem,” Lim told Mongabay. “Everyone can contribute to curbing such illegal transactions by reporting accounts that engage in illicit trade.” Fresh shark fins drying in Indonesia. A total of 409 shark and ray individuals, nearly metric tons of their meat, and shark products were seized in 12 incidents, primarily in the Philippines. Image by laurent KB via Flickr CC BY-NC-SA A call for cooperation Given the interconnected nature of the illegal wildlife trade and the low number of successful convictions, the TRAFFIC report emphasizes the importance of a holistic, regional approach to finding solutions, including increased interagency and transboundary cooperation. “At least 45 different agencies from these three countries made arrests and seizures, with over a quarter of incidents involving collaboration between multiple agencies within a country,” Chng said. “We’re keen to see and support more of these joint efforts at the regional level between countries.” Related podcast listening Banner image A green sea turtle. Marine turtle smuggling is a major issue in the Sulu-Celebes seas region, accounting for 28% of all seizures. Image by Amanda Cotton / The Ocean Agency. Study Paying fishers to ease off sharks and rays is cost-effective conservation Citations Armstrong, O. H., Wong, R., Lorenzo, A., Sidik, A., Sant, G., & Chng, S. 2023. Illegal wildlife trade Baseline for monitoring and law enforcement in the Sulu-Celebes Seas. TRAFFIC. Retrieved from Bornatowski, H., Navia, A. F., Braga, R. R., Abilhoa, V., & Corrêa, M. F. 2014. Ecological importance of sharks and rays in a structural foodweb analysis in southern Brazil. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 717, 1586-1592. doi FEEDBACK Use this form to send a message to the author of this post. If you want to post a public comment, you can do that at the bottom of the page. Article published by Conservation, Endangered Species, Environment, Environmental Law, Extinction, Fish, Fishing, Food, Food Industry, Illegal Fishing, Illegal Trade, Marine, Marine Animals, Marine Conservation, Marine Ecosystems, Oceans, Overfishing, Saltwater Fish, Sharks And Rays, Social Media, Wildlife, Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Trade Print Most people are familiar with orangutans–the big, hairy, monkey-looking creatures that share over 96 percent of our DNA. But did you know that these large primates are in danger of becoming extinct? This may lead you to wonder why is the orangutan endangered? And what efforts are being done to protect it? Keep reading as we take a closer look at these questions. Are Orangutans Going Extinct? There are three species of orangutan the Bornean, Sumatran, and Tapanuli. The Bornean orangutan is considered endangered, while the Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutans are both critically endangered. Critically endangered means that the species may go extinct from the wild within the next 15 years. So yes; if more efforts are not made to protect them, at least two of the orangutan species may go extinct, and the third one could soon become critically endangered. The good news is that people throughout the world are becoming aware of the threat and making efforts to protect the orangutans. We’ll talk more about these conservation efforts a little later in this article. Why are Orangutans Endangered? Orangutan populations have seen massive declines in recent decades. You may be wondering why; what factors have caused their decline? There are several factors that play a role in falling orangutan numbers. Let’s take a look at those factors below. Deforestation Orangutans live in tropical forests and river valleys on a few islands in southeast Asia. Many of these forests have been destroyed to make room for palm plantations. Fires Part of the deforestation process involves burning large sections of forest at a time. Not only do these controlled burns kill much of the wildlife inside, but they can also easily spread to the forests around them and grow into large, uncontained wildfires. Illegal logging In forested regions that aren’t being cleared for plantations, illegal logging is a major problem. Even in protected areas, loggers will go in and cut down large numbers of trees, further reducing the orangutan’s available habitat. Poaching Though hunting orangutans is illegal, the big, slow animals are often targeted by poachers. Some orangutans are hunted for food; others, forced from their homes as their natural habitats disappear, are shot for encroaching on farming areas and eating crops. Pet trade In some regions, orangutans are in high demand as pets, though it is illegal to own or sell them. In the illegal pet trade, female orangutans are killed and their babies taken; and, according to the World Wildlife Fund “It is thought that for each orangutan reaching Taiwan, as many as 3-5 additional animals die in the process.” What Efforts are Being Made to Save Orangutans? As you can see from the above section, orangutans face many threats. It’s no wonder their populations are declining so rapidly. Fortunately, there are efforts being made to protect orangutans and restore their populations. Some of these efforts include Habitat conservation Local and international organizations are making efforts to reduce the number of forests being destroyed. Large areas of forest in southeast Asia are receiving legal protection against deforestation, burning, and logging; though some of these activities persist, they are not as prevalent in areas where they are illegal. Limiting pet trade Some organizations work to limit the pet trade by helping local governments enforce the laws already in place, make new laws, and rescue orangutans that have been illegally trafficked. The rescued orangutans are raised to adulthood or nursed back to health, eventually being released back into their native habitats. Monitoring populations Organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund keep track of orangutan populations, making note of fluctuations from year to year and reporting any dangerous declines. By monitoring the actual numbers of orangutans found in the wild, we can better understand how conservation efforts are making a difference and changes that still need to be made. Public awareness Many organizations throughout the world are simply trying to get the word out about the plight of the orangutan. As more people learn about the problem, many will become more interested in getting involved and supporting the efforts already being made to correct it. Check out this video to learn more about the threats to orangutans and what is being done to protect these large primates. Conclusion Orangutans are found in forested areas of southeast Asia, where they face many threats in their natural habitats. Efforts are being made to protect and restore the three orangutan species, all of which are endangered and two of which are considered critically endangered.

in southeast asia many forests have been